Do House Cats Need to Be Vaccinated?

It’s common to think that if your cat stays indoors, it doesn’t need vaccines. After all, if your cat isn’t exposed to other animals or the outside world, how could it catch diseases? The truth is that house cats still need vaccinations to stay healthy.

Even if your cat never leaves the house, germs can still find their way in—on your clothes, shoes, or through an open window. Vaccines protect cats from dangerous illnesses that can spread easily and sometimes be fatal.

In this article, we’ll explain why house cats need vaccines, which ones are essential, and how often they should get them.

Why Indoor Cats Still Need Vaccines

Even though indoor cats face fewer risks than outdoor cats, they are not completely safe from disease.

Here’s why:

• Viruses can come inside – You might carry germs on your shoes, clothes, or hands.

• Open windows and doors – Cats can be exposed to insects, rodents, or even other animals.

• Emergencies – If your cat ever escapes outside or needs boarding, vaccines are critical.

• Legal and safety requirements – In many places, rabies vaccination is required by law, even for indoor pets.

Vaccination provides a safety net that keeps your cat protected in all situations.

Core Vaccines for House Cats

Veterinarians recommend certain vaccines for all cats, whether indoor or outdoor. These are called core vaccines, because they protect against the most dangerous diseases.

• Rabies – Protects against a fatal virus that can also spread to humans. Required by law in many areas.

• FVRCP Combination Vaccine – Covers three major diseases:

  • Feline viral rhinotracheitis (herpesvirus – causes severe respiratory illness)

  • Calicivirus (respiratory infection with mouth ulcers)

  • Panleukopenia (often called feline distemper, highly contagious and deadly)

These diseases can be picked up even inside the home. That’s why every cat should have them.

Non-Core Vaccines: When They Might Be Needed

Beyond the core vaccines, your vet may recommend extra ones depending on your cat’s lifestyle.

• Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) – Strongly advised for kittens, even indoor ones, since they’re more vulnerable. Adult indoor-only cats may not always need it unless exposed to other cats.

• Bordetella or Chlamydia vaccines – Usually given if your cat spends time in boarding facilities or shelters.

Your vet can help decide which non-core vaccines are right for your cat.

How Often Do House Cats Need Vaccines?

The schedule depends on age and the type of vaccine.

• Kittens – Start vaccines at 6–8 weeks old, with boosters every 3–4 weeks until about 16 weeks.

• Adult cats – After the first year booster, most vaccines are given every 1–3 years, depending on the vet’s advice.

• Rabies – Some areas require yearly rabies vaccines, while others allow 3-year options.

Regular vet visits ensure your cat stays on schedule and protected.

Risks of Not Vaccinating an Indoor Cat

Skipping vaccines for your house cat can lead to serious risks:

• Increased chance of catching deadly viruses if exposed

• Legal issues if your unvaccinated cat bites someone (rabies laws apply)

• Difficulty boarding or grooming, since most facilities require proof of vaccination

• Higher medical costs if your cat becomes sick from a preventable illness

The cost of vaccines is far less than the cost of treating a life-threatening disease.

Conclusion

Yes, house cats do need to be vaccinated. Even if they never step outside, germs can still reach them through everyday exposure. Core vaccines like rabies and FVRCP are essential, while others may be recommended based on age and lifestyle. Vaccines are the safest and most effective way to protect your cat from preventable illnesses and ensure a long, healthy life.

FAQs

Do indoor cats really need rabies shots?

Yes. Rabies is a fatal disease and a public health concern. Many states require rabies vaccines by law, even for cats that stay indoors. An unvaccinated cat that bites someone could face quarantine or worse. A rabies shot keeps both your cat and your family safe from this dangerous virus.

What vaccines are essential for house cats?

The core vaccines are rabies and FVRCP (feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia). These protect against the most dangerous diseases that can spread indoors and outdoors. Non-core vaccines like FeLV may also be given, especially to kittens. Your veterinarian will recommend the right mix for your cat’s age and living environment.

How often do indoor cats need vaccines?

Kittens get their first vaccines between 6–8 weeks old, followed by boosters until 16 weeks. After their first year booster, most cats need vaccines every 1–3 years. Rabies may be required yearly depending on local laws. Regular checkups ensure your cat’s vaccine schedule stays up to date and effective against diseases.

Is it risky to skip vaccines for my indoor cat?

Yes, skipping vaccines is risky. Even inside, cats can be exposed to viruses carried on shoes, clothes, or through open windows. If your cat ever escapes outside or needs to board at a facility, vaccines are required. Without them, your cat faces higher risk of preventable illnesses, which are often costly and difficult to treat.

Do senior cats still need vaccines?

Yes, senior cats still need vaccines, although schedules may change. Older cats may not need some non-core vaccines, but rabies and FVRCP remain important. Vets often adjust frequency to reduce stress while maintaining protection. Senior cats are more vulnerable to illness, so vaccinations remain a key part of preventive healthcare throughout their lives.